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Development status of thermal spraying in China
source： author： date：2020-01-08 hits：3505
Thermal spraying has a history of 100 years in the world and nearly 50 years in China. Especially in the past 20 years, China's thermal spraying has made great progress and development. Next, the general level and position, equipment and materials, application, scientific research and development are briefly introduced.
1. According to incomplete statistics, during the Eighth Five Year Plan period (1991-1995 including 1996), the total output value of China's thermal spraying industry is about 300 million yuan (including thermal spraying equipment, materials, construction and technical services, auxiliary equipment and materials, etc.). In 1996, the total output value of China's national economy was about 7.5 trillion yuan (about 910 billion US dollars), and the output value of thermal spraying accounted for about 0.39/10000. According to the statistics of the association, there are about 3000 thermal spraying practitioners (excluding temporary workers of the construction team), and 300-350 units engaged in thermal spraying work, including thermal spraying equipment, materials, auxiliary equipment, auxiliary material production plants, thermal spraying construction and technical service units, as well as scientific research, teaching, development units and trading companies engaged in thermal spraying.
Thermal spraying enterprises are still a small unit (< 30 people), accounting for more than 90% of the total. The per capita output value of thermal spraying industry is about 100000 yuan / person year, which is the best in the machinery industry (top level).
According to foreign materials, in recent years, the total output value of thermal spraying in the United States is about 2 billion US dollars, while that in Japan is 80 billion yen, accounting for 3.6/10000 and 2.3/10000 of GNP respectively. The ratio of thermal spraying output value to GNP weight is an important indicator of the development of thermal spraying in this country. China's ratio is only 11% of that of the United States and 17% of that of Japan. This shows that China's thermal spraying is still in the development stage, far from reaching the stage of maturity and saturation, and because of this, the market of thermal spraying in China is vast, there are many opportunities, and the development prospect is promising.
2. After decades of independent development and introduction of thermal spraying equipment and materials, and learning from foreign advanced technology, China has been able to develop and produce vacuum plasma, atmospheric plasma, explosive spraying, plasma surfacing, arc spraying, flame powder spraying, flame wire spraying equipment, and produce metal powder (Ni, Co, Fe base, total about 300t / year), ceramics, cermet Powder (Al2O3, Al2O3 + TiO2, Cr2O3, WC Co, etc., about 200t / year in total), silk (al, Zn, Cu, stainless steel, etc., about 1000t / year in total). Although the overall level of equipment is still not high and there are still quality problems in materials, China has become one of the few countries in the world that can be self-sufficient in thermal spraying equipment and materials, basically meeting the needs of thermal spraying industry. At the same time, about 10% of the equipment and materials still need to be imported.
3. Application of thermal spraying technology at present, thermal spraying technology has been widely used in China, the main application fields are aviation, aerospace, steel, petrochemical, steel structure anti-corrosion, machinery, light industry, textile, paper, energy, ship, etc., with a total output value of about 200 million yuan / year. The application of thermal spraying in China has the following characteristics:
(1) it has a wide range of applications and a high level in some fields, such as aeroengine (cooperating with Boeing), annealing furnace bottom roll, galvanized guide roll (steel industry), valve (petrochemical industry), wire drawing guide roll, tower wheel, wire drawing ring (textile industry), high-grade glass mold (light industry), valve (automobile industry), etc.
(2) widely used processes and materials, almost all of the thermal spraying processes and materials used in the world are used in China, such as vacuum plasma spraying, atmospheric plasma spraying, explosion spraying, supersonic flame spraying, arc spraying, flame powder spraying, plasma surfacing, laser remelting, vacuum (protective atmosphere) remelting, etc.
(3) small and medium-sized enterprises (< 30 persons) are the main enterprises engaged in thermal spraying application, accounting for 2 / 3 of the total number, and the output value accounts for more than 75% of the total output value. Joint stock cooperative enterprises, private enterprises and collective enterprises account for a considerable proportion, and joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises begin to appear.
(4) thermal spraying as the maintenance means of equipment and components is relatively developed. For small and medium-sized thermal spraying enterprises, more than half of the work is aimed at repair.
(5) relevant professional research rooms and teaching and research rooms of scientific research institutes and colleges, such as welding (accounting for more than half), materials, surface processing and other majors, actively enter the domestic thermal spraying market. The main technical force of thermal spraying in China is also in the above units.
At present, the main problems in application are small scale, uneven level, lack of unified management and standards, and inability to form influential leading thermal spraying enterprises at home and abroad (such as Tocal in Japan, Praxair in the United States, snmi in France, etc.).
1. According to incomplete statistics, during the Eighth Five Year Plan period (1991-1995 including 1996), the total output value of China's thermal spraying industry is about 300 million yuan (including thermal spraying equipment, materials, construction and technical services, auxiliary equipment and materials, etc.). In 1996, the total output value of China's national economy was about 7.5 trillion yuan (about 910 billion US dollars), and the output value of thermal spraying accounted for about 0.39/10000. According to the statistics of the association, there are about 3000 thermal spraying practitioners (excluding temporary workers of the construction team), and 300-350 units engaged in thermal spraying work, including thermal spraying equipment, materials, auxiliary equipment, auxiliary material production plants, thermal spraying construction and technical service units, as well as scientific research, teaching, development units and trading companies engaged in thermal spraying.
Thermal spraying enterprises are still a small unit (< 30 people), accounting for more than 90% of the total. The per capita output value of thermal spraying industry is about 100000 yuan / person year, which is the best in the machinery industry (top level).
According to foreign materials, in recent years, the total output value of thermal spraying in the United States is about 2 billion US dollars, while that in Japan is 80 billion yen, accounting for 3.6/10000 and 2.3/10000 of GNP respectively. The ratio of thermal spraying output value to GNP weight is an important indicator of the development of thermal spraying in this country. China's ratio is only 11% of that of the United States and 17% of that of Japan. This shows that China's thermal spraying is still in the development stage, far from reaching the stage of maturity and saturation, and because of this, the market of thermal spraying in China is vast, there are many opportunities, and the development prospect is promising.
2. After decades of independent development and introduction of thermal spraying equipment and materials, and learning from foreign advanced technology, China has been able to develop and produce vacuum plasma, atmospheric plasma, explosive spraying, plasma surfacing, arc spraying, flame powder spraying, flame wire spraying equipment, and produce metal powder (Ni, Co, Fe base, total about 300t / year), ceramics, cermet Powder (Al2O3, Al2O3 + TiO2, Cr2O3, WC Co, etc., about 200t / year in total), silk (al, Zn, Cu, stainless steel, etc., about 1000t / year in total). Although the overall level of equipment is still not high and there are still quality problems in materials, China has become one of the few countries in the world that can be self-sufficient in thermal spraying equipment and materials, basically meeting the needs of thermal spraying industry. At the same time, about 10% of the equipment and materials still need to be imported.
3. Application of thermal spraying technology at present, thermal spraying technology has been widely used in China, the main application fields are aviation, aerospace, steel, petrochemical, steel structure anti-corrosion, machinery, light industry, textile, paper, energy, ship, etc., with a total output value of about 200 million yuan / year. The application of thermal spraying in China has the following characteristics:
(1) it has a wide range of applications and a high level in some fields, such as aeroengine (cooperating with Boeing), annealing furnace bottom roll, galvanized guide roll (steel industry), valve (petrochemical industry), wire drawing guide roll, tower wheel, wire drawing ring (textile industry), high-grade glass mold (light industry), valve (automobile industry), etc.
(2) widely used processes and materials, almost all of the thermal spraying processes and materials used in the world are used in China, such as vacuum plasma spraying, atmospheric plasma spraying, explosion spraying, supersonic flame spraying, arc spraying, flame powder spraying, plasma surfacing, laser remelting, vacuum (protective atmosphere) remelting, etc.
(3) small and medium-sized enterprises (< 30 persons) are the main enterprises engaged in thermal spraying application, accounting for 2 / 3 of the total number, and the output value accounts for more than 75% of the total output value. Joint stock cooperative enterprises, private enterprises and collective enterprises account for a considerable proportion, and joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises begin to appear.
(4) thermal spraying as the maintenance means of equipment and components is relatively developed. For small and medium-sized thermal spraying enterprises, more than half of the work is aimed at repair.
(5) relevant professional research rooms and teaching and research rooms of scientific research institutes and colleges, such as welding (accounting for more than half), materials, surface processing and other majors, actively enter the domestic thermal spraying market. The main technical force of thermal spraying in China is also in the above units.
At present, the main problems in application are small scale, uneven level, lack of unified management and standards, and inability to form influential leading thermal spraying enterprises at home and abroad (such as Tocal in Japan, Praxair in the United States, snmi in France, etc.).
